Explain Bayes'' Theorem and solve this problem: A disease affects 1 in 1000 people. A test for this disease is 99% accurate for those who have it and has a 2% false positive rate. If someone tests positive, what is the probability they actually have the disease?

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Bayes'' Theorem is a fundamental formula in probability theory that describes how to update the probability of a hypothesis based on new evidence. It relates conditional probabilities and allows us to calculate the probability of a cause given an observed effect.