What is the difference between ES Modules (import/export) and CommonJS (require/module.exports)? When would you use each?

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## Overview Two module systems in JavaScript: - **CommonJS (CJS)**: Node.js original system - **ES Modules (ESM)**: Modern JavaScript standard ## CommonJS (require/module.exports) ```javascript // math.js - Exporting module.exports = { add: (a, b) => a + b, subtract: (a, b) => a…